what is copper oxychloride used for

The treatments consisted of copper rates (zero - control; 31, 24.5, 18.5, 12.2, and 9.1 mg of metal copper per cubic meter of canopy) using copper oxychloride (concentrated suspension - CS; 588 g L-1 of copper oxychloride or 350 g L-1 of metal copper), and an additional treatment with application of a cupric fungicide (cuprous oxide) and a strobilurin fungicide. 208 p. ). Citrus fruits are susceptible from the beginning of the fruiting until the maturation stage (AGUIAR et al., 2012Aguiar, R. L. et al. Citrus industry is important for the Brazilian economy because it generates millions of jobs; however, the sector have facing phytosanitary problems over the years, especially diseases, that have caused negative impacts on citrus fruit production and marketing. 208 p. ). Black spot, fire blight, European canker, leaf curl, shot hole (die-back), bacterial spot, stone fruit blast, Bud burst and green tip (Sept), leaf fall (May) and winter dormancy, Downy mildew (dry-berry), leaf spots, rust. Colletotrichum Host Specificity. 1. ed. Pinta preta dos citros: a doena e o seu manejo. Saint Paul: Pathology, and Host-Pathogen Interaction, 2000. v. 1, cap. Spring months in the state of So Paulo, Brazil, present significant increasing temperature; this favors the maturity of Valencia oranges, but increases the severity of CBS and fruit drop (FEICHTENBERGER, 1996FEICHTENBERGER, E. Mancha Preta ou Pinta Preta dos Citros. Elaborao e validao de escala diagramtica para avaliao da severidade da mancha preta em frutos ctricos. Pinta preta dos citros: a doena e o seu manejo. A widely used copper fungicide.

KOTZ, J. M. History and epidemiology of citrus black spot in South Africa. Concluiu-se que aplicaes em intervalos de catorze dias de oxicloreto de cobre SC a 31 e 24,5 mg/m3 copa, foram eficientes no controle de MPC, cuja eficincia foi comparvel ao tratamento padro. The application of cupric fungicides (protective) at early stages of fruit development (high growth rates) and with 14-day intervals hinders the contact of the pathogen with the plant tissues, suppressing the pathogen at pre-penetration stages, thus, reducing the disease progress. Compendium of Citrus Diseases. The application of copper oxychloride alone is a practical and coherent way for the control of CBS and for the preventive control of diseases that limit the Brazilian citriculture, especially in the state of So Paulo. Keep out of reach of children. Aceleration of the decomposition of Sicilian lemon leaves as an auxiliary measure in the control of citrus black spot. 70 p. Dissertao (Mestrado em Agronomia: rea de Concentrao em Produo Vegetal) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, 2009. As a heavy metal, copper itself will not degrade in the environment. Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 29, n. 1, p. 81-85, 2004.). Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. Strobilurin fungicides are usually applied combined with mineral or plant oils, using 42-day intervals (SILVA JUNIOR et al., 2016SILVA JUNIOR, G. et al. Qualitative damages caused by CBS can depreciate the fruit peels and make it impossible to export them to European Union countries, where this fungus is a quarantine pest (A1); quantitative damages due to early fruit drops reduce plant fruit yield (SILVA JUNIOR et al., 2016SILVA JUNIOR, G. et al. RESULTADOS: Reestimativa da safra de laranja 2018-2019 do cinturo citrcola de So Paulo e triangulo/Sudoeste Mineiro - Cenrio em fevereiro de 2019. Applications of copper oxychloride CS at rates of 31 and 24.5 mg m-3 with 14-day intervals are efficient for the control of CBS, with similar efficiency to the farm standard treatment. In: PRUSKY, S.; FREEMAN, M.; DICKMAN, B. Both inoculum sources are present mainly between spring and early autumn, which is the essential period to control the pathogen. to the fruit maturation stage (AGUIAR et al., 2012Aguiar, R. L. et al. Foliar fungicide with protective action. 2007. The best control of CBS was found using the treatments with the highest COC rates (31 and 24.5 mg m-3), which were similar to each other and to the FST, and better than the control. 1. ed. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (, R = Peer reviewed scientific publications, B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (, A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database), E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source), (Also known as: dicopper chloride trihydroxide). Elaborao e validao de escala diagramtica para avaliao da severidade da mancha preta em frutos ctricos. Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. Perodo de incubao de Guignardia citricarpa em diferentes estdios fenolgicos de frutos de laranjeira Valncia. Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards, Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC), Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA), Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC), Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC), Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically, Usually supplied as a soluble concentrate or wettable powder that is mixed with water and applied as a spray, Source; quality score; and other information, Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 C (mg l), Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 C, Henry's law constant at 25 C (Pa m mol), Acidic soln: 205nm=2850, 250nm=1461, 800nm=38, 290nm=260, 295nm=195, Dissipation rate RL on and in plant matrix, Aqueous hydrolysis DT (days) at 20 C and pH 7, SCI-GROW groundwater index (g l) for a 1 kg ha or 1 l ha application rate, Potential for particle bound transport index, Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg bw d), Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg bw d), Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg), Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect, Contact acute LD (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - g bee), Oral acute LD (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - g bee), Unknown mode acute LD (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - g bee), Acute LD (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - g insect), Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR g Cu/ha, Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR g Cu/ha, Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC (mg l), Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l), Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC (mg l), Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC (mg l), Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l), Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg), Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC, biomass (mg l), Algae - Acute 72 hour EC, growth (mg l), Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l), Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class), Mammals - Dermal LD (mg kg body weight), ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg bw day), ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg bw day), AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg bw day), AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg bw day), Negligible risk to bystanders for proposed uses, Acceptable risk to operators and workers for proposed uses with PPE/PPC, Statutory EU standard for total copper in drinking water: 2 mg l; Non-statutory WHO guideline for total copper in drinking water: 2 mg l, Mammalian dose elimination route and rate, May emit toxic chlorine gas under certain conditions, Variable with product, usually 3010, 3077 or 3082. A. M. et al. Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. In: Timmer, L. W., Garnsey, S. M., Graham, J.H. A. M. et al. A. M. et al. Keep children, pets, wildlife and birds away from treated areas until spray is dry. All rights reserved. The hypothesis of Kotz (1996KOTZ, J. M. History and epidemiology of citrus black spot in South Africa. A fungicide that controls a wide range of fungal and bacterial diseases on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals, protecting the plant. 13, p. Category of Use : Fungicide / Bactericide, Formulation : Wettable Granules; Wettable Powder, Potatoes, tomatoes, beets, celery, parsley,vines, hops, spinach, ornamentals, pome fruits, stone fruits, citrus fruits, cucumbers, melons, asparagus, lettuce, Pests / Diseases : Control of late blight, leaf spot diseases, downy mildew, canker, scab, melanose, rust, peach leaf curl, We are continuously looking for Distributors in: Copyright 2022 Zagro. The treatment with COC at 24.5 mg m-3 was also efficient, presenting similar results to those of the treatments COC at 31.0 mg m-3 and FST. However, fruit susceptibility level gradually decreases with maturation (KOTZ, 1981). The critical period of susceptibility of sweet orange fruits to the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa is from the petal-fall stage (KOTZ, 1981KOTZ, J. M. Epidemiology and control of citrus black spot in South Africa. These data were used in the Wheeler's formula (1969) to determine the disease index (DI): where ID is the disease index; N is the total number of evaluated fruits; i is the score of the disease, ni is the number of fruits with score i; and m is the maximum score. Citrus journal, v. 7, n. 3, p. 18-20, 1997.

May cause injury to soft plant tissue and chrysanthemums, and may russet some varieties of fruit. Foram realizadas cinco avaliaes de incidncia e severidade em intervalos de 30 dias, estendendo-se at meados de novembro, quando foi realizada a colheita dos frutos. Pinta preta dos citros: a doena e o seu manejo. Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 34, n. 2, p. 71-76, 2009.; BELLOTTE et al., 2013BELLOTTE, J. Moreover, spraying devices have technical limitations that make them unable to generate uniform sprays and produce droplets that reach all the fruit surfaces; and long exposure period of the fruits to the inoculum (higher than 180 days) (AGUIAR et al., 2012Aguiar, R. L. et al. m-3 with 35-day intervals (Table 1), according to technical recommendation to control citrus black spot (CBS) (SILVA JUNIOR et al., 2016SILVA JUNIOR, G. et al. Plant Disease, v. 65, n. 12, p. 945-50, 1981. The experiment was conducted in Bebedouro, SP, Brazil, in the 2014/2015 crop season, in a randomized block design, using a Citrus sinensis variety (Valencia). Tropical Plant Pathology, v. 37, n. 2, p. 155-158, 2012.) 84 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia: rea de Concentrao em Produo Vegetal) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, 2010. Some cupric fungicides are approved for control of P. citricarpa in citrus plants and are routinely used. Abbott, W. S. A. (EN). A. M. et al. NOZAKI, M. H. Produo de estruturas reprodutivas e efeito do ambiente nos tipos de sintomas produzidos por Guignardia citricarpa em Citrus spp. Saint Paul, Minnesota: APS Press, 2000. v. 2, cap.

Araraquara, 2019. Africa, Middle East, South East Asia, Latin America O experimento foi instalado no municpio de Bebedouro/SP durante a safra 2014/15, variedade Valncia, em delineamento em blocos casualizados. (2016SILVA JUNIOR, G. et al. 17, p. 300-316. Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. 2009. Method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Elaborao e validao de escala diagramtica para avaliao da severidade da mancha preta em frutos ctricos. The best response for the control of CBS in the subsequent weeks (fifth evaluation) was found with the use of cuprous oxide + pyraclostrobin (FST). SILVA JUNIOR, G. et al. FUNDO DE DEFESA DA CITRICULTURA - FUNDECITRUS. The severity of CBS had similar results to those of the incidence, with progress between the first and fifth evaluations (Table 3). 66 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia: rea de Concentrao em Produo Vegetal) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, 2009. 70 p. Dissertao (Mestrado em Agronomia: rea de Concentrao em Produo Vegetal) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, 2009.). Saint Paul: Pathology, and Host-Pathogen Interaction, 2000. v. 1, cap.

Compatible with most other pesticides except Yates Lime Sulfur Concentrate. Saint Paul, Minnesota: APS Press, 2000. v. 2, cap. Copper Oxychloride is for the control of fungal and bacterial diseases in fruit and vegetable crops, citrus, stone fruit, pome fruit and ornamentals. Tropical Plant Pathology, v. 37, n. 2, p. 155-158, 2012.).

Copyright 2022JC & AT Searle Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. McONIE, K. C. The latent occurrence in citrus and other hosts of a Guignardia easily confused with G. citricarpa, the citrus black spot pathogen. The evaluations consisted in determining the incidence and severity of CBS in 200 fruits randomly collected from four plants in the center of each plot. and the occurrence of rains directly and indirectly affect the efficiency of treatments. 208 p. ), reducing the application intervals of cupric fungicides from 25 days to 20 days decreases their efficiency in controlling the pathogen when the number of applications is maintained. (Ed.). Thorough sprayer coverage of all foliage, buds and stems is necessary for good disease control. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 34, n. 1, p. 102-108, 2012. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of applications of copper oxychloride at different rates on the control of CBS. Absorbed copper disrupts the enzyme systems of pathogens. The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. Tropical Plant Pathology, v. 37, n. 2, p. 155-158, 2012. Plant Disease, v. 65, n. 12, p. 945-50, 1981.) In: Timmer, L. W., Garnsey, S. M., Graham, J.H. (English), https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n306rc, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, COPPER OXYCHLORIDE APPLIED ALONE TO CONTROL CITRUS BLACK SPOT. (Portuguese), Text 396 p. Behlau, F. et al. The effects of inter-crop cultivation Between rows of citrus crop on spreading of Guignardia citricarpa Ascospores and in the citrus black spot occurrence.

X = data related to average fruit weight of four plants in the plots. The treatments with COC at rates of 24.5 and 31.0 mg m-3 and the FST treatment had similar fruit yield. A. M. et al. The use of systemic fungicides is the main control measure for CBS; however, an alternative control measure is the use of cupric fungicides applied alone with short intervals. Brazil is one of the world's largest citrus producing countries and So Paulo is the Brazilian largest citrus producing state. The incidence of symptomatic fruits in the fifth and last evaluation was 89.6%, whereas in the FST it was 54.8%. Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the firs author. Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. Early & late blight, leaf spots, bacterial blight, Black spot, downy mildew, leaf spots, fire blight. 1. ed. Symptoms of CBS are caused by conidia formed in dry branches and in fruits, and by ascospores from fallen leaves at initial decomposition phases (SILVA JUNIOR et al., 2016SILVA JUNIOR, G. et al. Fungicide application is the main control measure for CBS, which is essential to maintain high fruit yields.

The data were subjected to analysis of variance for linear regression to determine the cupric fungicide rates, according to linear response of the incidence and severity of CBS, applied to the AUDPC values, and fruit yield (kg plant-1). KOTZ, J. M. Citrus black spot. Perodo de incubao de, ALMEIDA, T. F. Mancha preta dos citros: Expresso dos sintomas em frutos pela inoculao com condios e controle do agente causal (. Revista Caatinga, v. 29, n. 3, p. 677-684, 2016.). Means followed by the same letter in the columns do not differ by the Tukey's test (P0.05). 2 p. ). The applications were carried out with 14-day intervals, starting when 2/3 of the petals of the plant's flowers were fallen, totaling 14 applications. The total citrus plants in the 2018/2019 crop season was estimated in 175.26 million, including producing and growing ones, with an estimated production of 284.88 million of 40.8-kilo boxes (FUNDECITRUS, 2019FUNDO DE DEFESA DA CITRICULTURA - FUNDECITRUS. Pinta preta dos citros: a doena e o seu manejo. The highest fruit yields were obtained when using COC at rates of 24.5 and 31.0 mg m-3 and the FST (CO + pyraclostrobin); the percentages of fruit drop of these treatments were 12, 3%, 11.6%, and 9.3%, respectively. ), and pruning (NOZAKI, 2007NOZAKI, M. H. Produo de estruturas reprodutivas e efeito do ambiente nos tipos de sintomas produzidos por Guignardia citricarpa em Citrus spp. Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. AGUIAR, R. L. Produo de anticorpo policional para caracterizao de Phyllosticta citricarpa em tecidos lenhosos de citros. McONIE, K. C. The latent occurrence in citrus and other hosts of a, MOTTA, R. R. Determinao do perodo residual de fungicidas protetores e sistmicos parao controle de, NOZAKI, M. H. Produo de estruturas reprodutivas e efeito do ambiente nos tipos de sintomas produzidos por. Considering that the use of insecticides to control Diaphorina citri is carried out biweekly, the adoption of simultaneous use of copper oxychloride is an efficient alternative to control P. citricarpa. Crop Protection, v. 29, n. 3, p. 300-305, 2010.). Very toxic to aquatic life and may harm animals and birds. Aguiar, R. L. et al. 10g is approximately 1 level tablespoon.3. Means followed by the same lowercase letters in the columns or same uppercase letters in the rows do not differ by the Tukey's test (P0.05). REGISTER YOUR INTEREST HERE. Plus if youre a Garden Club member you can take part in the Yates Growing Community - a blog to share successes, get advice & win prizes in fun challenges along the way! 1. ed. Department of Phytopathology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eduardofonseca.tva@gmail.com, adggoes@yahoo.com.br, fe.eng.agronomica@gmail.com.

Do not contaminate any water supply or fishponds with product or empty container.

Citrus black spot (CBS) is a disease caused by the Phyllosticta citricarpa fungus (Guignardia citricarpa Kiely at its cytomorphic phase) that causes qualitative and quantitative damages to citrus crops (SILVA JUNIOR et al., 2016SILVA JUNIOR, G. et al. Tenacity and persistence of copper fungicides in citros seedlings under simulated rainfall. Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 29, n. 1, p. 81-85, 2004.). Revista Caatinga, v. 29, n. 3, p. 677-684, 2016. Avoid contact with eyes, skin and inhalation of spray mist. The plants in treatments with the lowest AUDPC for incidence and severity of CBS had the highest fruit yields (Table 6). Cupric fungicides are usually applied with 28-day intervals to control citrus scab (Elsinoe fawcettii and E. australis) and melanose (Diaporthe citri) (TIMMER; BROWN 2000TIMMER, L. W.; BROWN, G. E. Biology and control of anthracnose diseases of citrus. For the control of fungal & bacterial diseases on fruit, vegies & ornamentals in the home garden. Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 24, n. 1, p. 282, 1999. Cupric fungicides based on copper hydroxide result in further damage to the fruit peel (SCHUTTLE; KOTZ, 1997). Barmac Pty Ltd 2022, a division of Amgrow Pty Ltd, Website design and development by 4mation Technologies, Economical control of a wide range of fungal and bacterial diseases in many crops and situations, pH neutral product and ultra-fine particle size with majority of particles less than or equal to 2-micron diameter, Free flowing product for easy mixing and application, Can be applied in tank mixes with a wide range of other chemicals and/or fertilisers, though use caution with alkaline products. 208 p. ; McONIE, 1964McONIE, K. C. The latent occurrence in citrus and other hosts of a Guignardia easily confused with G. citricarpa, the citrus black spot pathogen. As aplicaes foram realizadas em intervalos de catorze dias, iniciando em 2/3 ptalas cadas, perfazendo um total de 14 aplicaes. 2010. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 34, n. 1, p. 102-108, 2012. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different rates of a cupric fungicide (copper oxychloride) applied alone with 14-day intervals on the control of citrus black spot. Compendium of Citrus Diseases. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google. Cupric fungicides applied sequentially can cause darkening of injury spots resulting from the action of insects, mites, and wind (SCHUTTLE; KOTZ, 1997SCHUTTLE, G. C.; KOTZ, J. M. Grass mulching as part in integrated control programme for the control of citrus black spot. (English), Resumo Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 29, n. 1, p. 81-85, 2004. Copper based products have been shown to be affective against many fungal pathogens in field trials. Aceleration of the decomposition of Sicilian lemon leaves as an auxiliary measure in the control of citrus black spot. 208 p. ). COC = copper oxychloride (588 g L-1); CO = cuprous oxide (860 g kg-1); PC = pyraclostrobin (250 g L-1); Rates in mg of metal copper per cubic meter of canopy. Efeito do manejo cultural e qumico na incidncia e severidade da mancha-preta dos citros. 13, p. 23-25. ), comprising more than 200 days. Stay informed of issues for this journal through your RSS reader, Resumo Multi-site activity. BELLOTTE, J.

2009. 396 p.). Thus, the protection of fruits with applications of copper oxychloride with 14-day intervals up to the end of the rainy season is important to reduce incidence and severity of CBS and fruit drop in citrus plants. 2010. FEICHTENBERGER, E. Mancha Preta ou Pinta Preta dos Citros. O uso de fungicidas sistmicos a principal medida de controle, porm a busca por um controle alternativo pode envolver a aplicao de fungicidas cpricos isoladamente, em intervalos reduzidos. The treatments with COC at rates of 9.1 and 12.2 mg m-3 differed from the control in the third and fifth evaluations, respectively. Efeito do manejo cultural e qumico na incidncia e severidade da mancha-preta dos citros. Pre-mix in a small volume of water to form a thin slurry before adding the remaining water. Copper is actively accumulated in the fungal spores, inhibiting germination, even at very low concentrations. This is related to the formulation of the copper oxychloride product (SC) because it contains surfactants as adhesive and hydro-resistant agent that do not stain the fruits, and improve the performance of the droplets in the application by reducing their evaporation and increasing their retention time on the target (FONSECA et al., 2016FONSECA, A. E. et al.

For advice call the National Poisons Centre, 0800 764 766, In an emergency only, call 0800 220 770 (ALL HOURS). Protects against a very wide range of fungal and bacterial diseases. Araraquara, 2019. Cuttings from 15-year-old orange trees (Citrus sinensis) of the Valencia variety were grafted onto lemon trees (Citrus limonia) planted with spacing of 7.0 by 3.0 m. A randomized block design was used, with plots consisted of 3 rows of 15 plants, totaling 45 plants per plot. RESULTADOS: Reestimativa da safra de laranja 2018-2019 do cinturo citrcola de So Paulo e triangulo/Sudoeste Mineiro - Cenrio em fevereiro de 2019. 1. ed. Moreover, cupric fungicides are used at shorter intervals in areas with history of citrus canker to minimize the incidence of Xanthomonas citri subsp. The incidence and severity of CBS were evaluated five times with 30-day intervals up to mid-November, when the fruits were harvested. Activity is limited to the prevention of spore germination. Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. The results showed a linear decrease in the incidence of CBS with increasing copper oxychloride rates (Figure 1). The severity of CBS was higher in the control and in treatments with copper oxychloride at rates of 9.1 and 12.2 mg m-3, which had potential for fruit drop (Figure 2, and Tables 3 and 6). The experiment was conducted at a citrus farm in Bebedouro, SP, Brazil (2129'41''S, 4830'63''W), in the 2014/2015 crop season. that even with few lesions, fruit drops can occur, indicates an effect of infections in the fruit peduncles. ). The percentages of control in treatments with copper oxychloride at rates of 24.5 and 31.0 mg m-3, considering the AUDPC of severity, were 69.4% and 73.3%, respectively. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated for the incidence and severity of CBS, and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and statistically compared by the Tukey' test at 5% significance using the AgroEstat 1.0 program (BARBOSA; MALDONADO JUNIOR, 2015BARBOSA, J. C.; MALDONADO JR, W. Experimentao Agronmica e AgroEstat - Sistema para Anlises Estatsticas de Ensaios Agronmicos. Treatments with copper oxychloride (COC) presented incidence of symptomatic fruits of 65.8% to 82%, even using applications with 14-day intervals.

May cause severe eye irritation and an allergic reaction following skin contact. 17, p. Perodo de incubao de Guignardia citricarpa em diferentes estdios fenolgicos de frutos de laranjeira Valncia. Possible, especially for mixtures - check label, EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414), Yes - two 'Persistent-Bioaccumulative-Toxic' criteria, Approved for use () under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States, International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey), International Chemical Identifier (InChI), InChI=1S/2ClH.2Cu.3H2O/h2*1H;;;3*1H2/q;;2*+2;;;/p-5, EU 2018 dossier: May contain heavy metals including Pb, Cd, As, Ni, CO, Sb & Hg. Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. Effect of frequency of copper applications on control of citrus canker and the yield of young bearing sweet orange trees. Plants treated with application of copper oxychloride at 31 and 24.5 mg m-3 with 14-day intervals (14 applications) to control citrus black spot (CBS) had fruits with lower symptom scores up to the fourth evaluation (October,2015), mainly when compared to the farm standard treatment (FST) (cuprous oxide + pyraclostrobin), indicating the higher efficiency of these treatments over the FST (Table 2). 1. Enter the email address associated with your account, and we'll email you a new password. Applications of these fungicides with 28-day intervals have been inefficient in areas with many inoculum sources, late-maturing varieties, and frequent rains (MOTTA, 2009MOTTA, R. R. Determinao do perodo residual de fungicidas protetores e sistmicos parao controle de Guignardia citricarpa em frutos ctricos. Bud burst to harvest at 14 day intervals.

Perodo de incubao de Guignardia citricarpa em diferentes estdios fenolgicos de frutos de laranjeira Valncia. BELLOTTE, J. 208 p. ). 208 p. Spsito, M. B. et al. It is moderately toxic to mammals and most biodiversity. Palavras chave:Citrus sinensis; Controle qumico; Oxicloreto de cobre; Phyllosticta citricarpa.

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