If you typically use this type of acid and have it on hand, you may want to use it to descale your coil. Replace the reed switch and perform the test again. A flow switch that is a vertical mount only, uses gravity to return the magnet to its original position after the trigger gun is released. This coupling is designed to strip in the event of a pump freeze up. If there isnt proper flow at the fuel pump bleeder, begin inspecting the path of the fuel for problems. After cleaning, reassemble. Pressure switches can be used for a variety of purposes on a pressure washer. Subtotal Reconnect and retry the burner if any are found. Use a circulating pump that is acid resistant. Flow switches and PR5 and PR6 pressure switches are used to control functions on a hot or cold pressure washer. On some burners this circuit also shuts off power to the motor and the ignitor. It has a metal body that is hollow inside. Inspect the airflow adjustment slots on the burner housing to make sure they arent blocked. If the spark does not jump , replace the transformer / ingnitor. The fuel pump on the oil burner is normally a 3450-RPM pump that is driven directly by the motor. Gear drive units can be more compact then belt drive units. Company No. When the plunger moves freely and the orifice is open, reinstall the pressure switch and test. Section: Flow Switch General Info.Remember that you will either use a Flow, Pressure or Vac Switch. Check it visually or use a dipstick. 2022 Flowjet. This should create additional vacuum and cause the burner to fire. Many people confuse by-pass thermal damage with heat generated by a malfunctioning burner, but the two are not related. Creating an account has many benefits: check out faster, keep more than one address, track orders and more. When used as a burner control, it opens and closes the circuit that causes the oil solenoid to either be energized and open, allowing fuel to enter the burner nozzle, or shutting the fuel supply off to the burner nozzle. If it is blocked, open it back up using a pin or some other type of probe. A flow switch used to control a burner is wired to be normally open. Start the pressure washer and examine the switch plunger operation while another person first sprays for five seconds, and then stops spraying for five seconds. 12-volt systems. Company No. Smaller adjustments are made with the disk, and that is where to start. CLICK HERE, Why is fuel pump pressure so important? If you run out of adjustment on the disk, then start working with the band. The valve stem can now be pulled out of the valve body. ( Items), UK MAINLAND FREE DELIVERY on orders over 200. A reed switch, which is two wire like contacts enclosed in a protective tube, is located on the outside of the flow switch body. The most common schedule pipe used for pressure washer coils is schedule 80. The wires are accessible when the transformer / ignitor is unscrewed and folded back on its hinge. This of course is offset by not having to buy and maintain a generator. The disk has an arrow that points to numbers as a reference. Unless there is an identifiable problem, if the equipment is used 30 to 50 hours a week, descale annually. Remove the thumbnut from where the fuel line had been attached to the burner housing. If the burner is fueled with kerosene or number one fuel oil soot is generally not much of a problem. Nearest the burner, a single outer coil of pipe allows a large open space in the center so the flame itself makes minimal connect with the pipe. Check the coil outlet port for any possible blockage. A flow switch used to control a burner is wired to be normally open. If bypassing the flow switch indicated that the flow switch was the problem, disconnect the switch body from the pressure washer plumbing. Most burner motors used on pressure washer burner units are or 1/5 horsepower. The more pancakes in a coil, the more pipe surface is exposed to the heat. If this occurs, do not start the water flow until the water in the coil has cooled. If the equipment doesnt have a wiring diagram, follow the incoming power to determine the path of the circuits. Hot water pressure washers use an oil burner to heat the outgoing water. With a large screwdriver that has an insulated grip, touch the tip of the blade to one terminal, then lower the screwdriver shaft to away from the metal mounting plate. The water is heated after it has left the high-pressure pump and the unloader. Also be aware that if you install a fuel nozzle that is too large for your system, it will smoke regardless of what you adjust. Most pressure washer thermostats have a dead band range of 20 to 30 degrees or more. Another acid product that can be used is a 5 to 8% solution of hydrofluoric acid. Carefully remove the nozzle assembly from the burner by lifting it out of the opening on the top of the burner housing. 12-Volt motors are physically smaller than 120-volt motors. If the burner still does not fire, replace the pressure switch. This expanding and contracting fluid activates or deactivates the switch. If adjusted out more, the air can actually blow out the flame and keep it from igniting again. With one fuel line from the tank to the pump, or with a return line that circulates the fuel back to the tank when it isnt burned. This fan is called a squirrel cage fan. Follow all safety precautions on the product packaging and M.S.D.S. ecommerce agency. The bleeder is located on the side of the fuel pump. CLICK HERE, Adjusting the Burner gun/nozzle assembly. With the magnets installed in this manner, they try to repel each other. Smoking Burners? All Rights Reserved. It is a valve that when open, allows fuel to flow to the burner nozzle, and when closed it shuts off the fuel supply to the nozzle. At the end away from the burner flame, the coil pipe is wrapped into layers in which the pipe is circled around from the outer edge into a small inner circle. Now attempt to turn the motor, if it turns replace the fuel pump, if it doesnt turn, replace the motor. It is held in place with four small screws. To understand this think about the water as it flows through the high-pressure nozzle. Water traveling through a coil with many pancakes also has to travel inside the coil longer, so it is exposed to more heat transfer for a longer period of time. The thermostat uses a sensing devise to determine the temperature of the water. A vacuum switch operates using the negative pressure, or suction produced as the pump is drawing water into the inlet port. A 120-volt system would be in either a fixed location, or utilized with a pressure washer equipped with a generator to supply the needed power. It is either used as a safety device in addition to a thermostat that keeps a burner system from heating water too much, or it alone controls the high-end temperature of the water. This reduces to cost of the pressure washer. If no sound is heard, insert some type of thin probe like a pin into the small hole in the end of the valve stem. A vacuum switch used to control a burner is wired to be normally open. It depends on the hardness of the water being used, and how hot the water is heated. Is the Motor turning? Remove and replace the burner nozzle. Check and replace fuse if blown; Reset the circuit breaker if it is tripped. After exhausting these possibilities, move on to the fuel pump. Also take care not to drop anything on to the spinning fan. If you disconnect all the wiring without mapping it out, it can take a long time to figure out, but looking on the bright side, it can be an excellent learning experience. If all efforts fail, the diaphragm may be damaged and the entire vacuum switch should be replaced. First establish that power is being supplied to the solenoid, either by testing the voltage with a meter, or by connecting the coil directly to the proper power source. It isnt found as frequently as the other types of flow switches. The jacket is constructed of metal and it is generally insulated on the inside to prevent the outside from becoming dangerously hot during operation. Test the terminal on the other side the same way. A tri-magnet type flow switch uses three magnets to close a micro switch. Inspect the small orifice that allows water to enter so pressure can push the plunger. If fuel is flowing properly, you have just eliminated the fuel tank, fuel filter, fuel lines, fuel pump, the flow or pressure switch, and the fuel solenoid as possible problems. A rule of thumb is the maximum rated flow of your burner nozzle should be half of the rated water flow of the pressure washer pump. Reassemble and retest.
If it is damaged or loose, replace or tighten it. No power at the burner? A dial or adjustment screw is the most common adjustment method. When the water flow stops, the similar pole repellant force pushes the floating magnet back, opening the switch and breaking the circuit. The burner system creates heat at a rated amount of BTUs, and that heat is then transferred to the water through the pipe of the coil. The spark should continue, it should jump . It is accomplished by opening the transformer / ignitor on its hinge.
Grayburnwerman.comshows how to test the transformer/ignitor spark. The soot insulates the pipe reducing the transfer of heat. If there is an obstruction in the nozzle, it is possible to remove it, however it is also very easy to damage the nozzle so that the fan pattern of the spray is no longer correct. 2022 Flowjet. It is important to provide a way to exhaust the hot gases out of the area that the equipment runs in. Most burner motors turn at 3450 RPM. The by-pass loop includes the pump outlet to the unloader inlet, so the water continues to move there in any case, whether the trigger gun is opened or closed. This is done with the equipment shut off. A coil should be descaled periodically to allow for optimum heat transfer between the hot air and the water.
It isnt possible to offer an exact amount of operation time to run the equipment before descaling should be done. A high limit switch will generally be pre-set around 200 degrees.
If there was no flow at all from the pump bleeder, remove the pump from the burner housing and attempt to rotate the pump shaft. The fuel solenoid is the valve that is energized when the burner control switches allow current to flow to it. When the system pressure is reduced, the spring applies more force to the plunger than the water pressure and the plunger is pushed out, disengaging it from the micro switch and opening the circuit. This test must be performed with the burner turned on. If you have a vertical only pressure switch, turn it upside down. Perform this test with a multi-meter or a test light. If the coil needs to be cleaned, disconnect and remove it from the machine. An example of this loop would be, incoming power black to wire one of the flow switch, flow switch wire two to high limit switch wire one, high limit wire two to thermostat wire one, thermostat wire two to fuel solenoid wire one, fuel solenoid wire two to incoming power common (white). If the ball is stuck inside it should be possible to free it in this manner. The other is a disc that is located on the housing facing. The purpose of the electrodes is to deliver the voltage (and the spark) to where it will ignite the fuel. Closing down the adjustment slots too much restricts the airflow, and the burner will smoke. Section: Pressure SwitchRemember that you will either use a Flow, Pressure or Vac Switch. A 240-volt oil burner typically found in a fixed location that can supply that amount of voltage, and would not normally be found in a mobile wash environment. There are products made and sold for this process, and they are recommended. All rights reserved. If the burner is wired in the most common way, the transformer / ignitor and the burner motor will be wired directly to the incoming power cord so that anytime power is supplied to the burner they will be on. Check to see if the coils are blocked with accumulated soot deposits. If there is spark, increase the distance between the screwdriver shaft and the mounting plate to . We recently have started to sell the Condor/ Fanel pressure switch rated from 0.22- 250 bar. If the burner runs a lot and the water doesnt get as hot as it should, scaling may be the problem. The three common voltages that oil burners are supplied with are 240-volt, 120-volt, and 12-volt. For proper combustion, the burner fan must supply the correct amount of air to mix with the fuel. A baffle is a steel plate that is welded to the end of the coil farthest from the burner. Generally, the thicker the pipe wall, the greater the longevity of the coil. Carefully remove the nozzle assembly from the burner by lifting it out of the opening on the top of the burner housing. Remove the burner assembly from the coil and look into the coil. A flow switch used to control a burner is wired to be normally open. When used on a pressure washer, a burner must be told not to burn when no water is flowing, and when the water is hot enough.
A high limit switch is a lot like a fixed thermostat. To adjust the burner airflow, locate the two air adjustments on the burner housing. If bypassing the pressure switch indicated that the pressure switch was the problem, first remove the inspection plate on the switch body. When the airflow on the burner is correct, as long as there arent any other problems, the burner will burn cleanly, producing no visible exhaust. This is typically done with a 12-volt burner so it draws less power from the battery and the engines charging system. This burner can draw power from the engine charging system. It is wired into the circuit with the fuel solenoid. Once the ball is free, reassemble and test operation. Lets look at the advantages of the 12-volt burner in a mobile pressure washer. Pressure switches are available that switch at different pressures. Grayburnerman.com shows you how to set-up the proper electrode alignment of pressure washer oil burners. If it isnt, with the power turned off, check to see if the motor turns freely by turning the squirrel cage fan by hand. When the water temperature lowers because the burner is no longer heating it, the sensor allows the switch to close again restoring the electrical flow and energizing the solenoid, which allows the burner to fire. If the pump shaft cant be turned, replace the fuel pump. The pipe in a coil is spaced to allow the flow of hot air produced by the burner flame, and propelled by the burner fan, to circulate easily and contact the entire outer surface of the pipe. There should be a strong, steady stream of fuel without air bubbles in it. Pressure wash the coil, using a good degreasing chemical. When the flow stops the magnets repel each other and the free magnet is pushed back, breaking the circuit and stopping the fuel flow to the burner nozzle. Section: Vacuum SwitchRemember that you will either use a Flow, Pressure or Vac Switch. If the equipment is permanently mounted in an enclosed truck or trailer, it can be exhausted through the roof or the vehicle side. The hotter the water the more the minerals in it fall out and attach to the inside of the pipe. This switch has two magnets. Next examine the electrodes ceramic insulators for signs of cracks and carbon tracking. Grayburnerman.com shows you why proper atomization of fuel is so important. Disconnect the fuel pump from the burner housing and pull it away so it is not longer engaged to the motor. Pressure Switches are the most popular. Continue adjusting until the cleanest burn is obtained. There are no products in your shopping basket. Finally rinse the coil with clear water, and then reassemble the equipment. The baffle causes the hot air from the burner to deflect away from the jacket outlet initially. Whatever power source is used, that source provides the electricity than powers the burner motor, the igniter, and the switches and valves related to burner operation. As the diameter that the water has to flow through gets smaller, the speed at which the water is propelled increases. If the burner is fueled with number two fuel oil, soot will build up and the coil will need to be cleaned periodically. 120 and 240-volt systems. Adjustable thermostats provide a means for the equipment operator to set the temperature at which the sensor will open the switch. The fuel still flows in the fuel pump, being pulled from the fuel tank and recycled back to the fuel tank through the return line. So they are creating a force that repels each from the other. Slide the disk one number at a time and wait about twenty seconds to see the operational result in the combustion. Hydrofluoric acid is dangerous and aggressive; take every precaution when using this acid. If the equipment is operated with a pressurized feed, a float tank must be installed to break that feed pressure. When it senses the flow of water has reached its pre-set limit, the sensor opens the electrical switch and breaks the circuit, thereby stopping the burner from firing and allowing the water to cool. This type of flow switch can be mounted horizontally or vertically. When the burner is firing, the fuel is pushed out the pump outlet port and through the fuel solenoid. It is installed where it can best sense the water temperature as it emerges from the coil. Anytime adjustments are made, remember the original setting so any adjustment that doesnt result in an improvement can be reversed. When eliminating a major component, there is one less thing to maintain and repair. Airflow adjustment slots are located on the outside of the burner housing. The thermostat is wired into the electrical circuit with the solenoid. If bypassing the vacuum switch indicates that it is the problem, first verify that the inlet plumbing is installed so that the float tank is breaking the inlet water pressure. With either adjustment, loosen the retaining screw(s) so you can move the disk or band, and then retighten when adjustments are completed. The magnet has a small hole drilled through it that allows water to be released from the system that is downstream from the flow switch. Most switches used for burner control are wired in the normally open position; some however are wired in the normally closed position. This condensation collects in the burner on a vertical coil and in the insulation underneath it on a horizontal coil. If you have a flow switch with a magnet that cant be reached from the outside, and turning the switch upside down doesnt cause the burner to fire, replace the flow switch. From there the fuel is plumbed directly to the fuel nozzle. This eliminates the need for additional piping. A flow switch completes the circuit when the water is moving after the unloader valve outlet. Make a note of the existing settings so that if the smoke gets worse when you change the setting, you will know where you started from so you can go back. If carbon tracking is found, replace the electrode. The plunger should move back and forth contacting and depressing the micro switch. If spark is not established, replace the transformer / ignitor. The purpose of a burner coil is to provide an efficient transfer of heat from the burner flame to the water flowing inside the coil pipe.
Thermostat dead band range can increase with wear also, when it becomes a problem, replacement is recommended. The area must be accessible for welding. That is damaging to the pump and it makes no sense to maintain one component by damaging another. Use of a vacuum switch requires negative pressure to be generated by the pump drawing water into the inlet port. If the fan spray is distorted, the burner may smoke badly, or not ignite at all. Check your burner specifications to obtain the correct measurements. Some believe the vertical design creates a more even application of the heat to all areas of the pipe because heat rises. The anti-freeze contains rust inhibitors that will protect your coil. If it doesnt, either the magnet has lost its draw or the reed switch is not functioning. Both terminals must provide sufficient spark for the burner to operate properly. When the trigger gun is released, and the spring pushes the magnet back, the magnet traps the pressure downstream from the flow switch. Be sure that the transformer / ignitor wires are connected to the power source. If it does, try to make adjustments to increase the water flow. If any switch or solenoid in the secondary circuit fails, the burner doesnt ignite, but the components that are wired directly to the incoming power that are not affected by the secondary circuit will continue to operate. Pressure Switches are the most popular. One has two slots and consists of a band that wraps around the circumference of the housing. Sometimes air can enter the fuel line or filter because of a crack or leakage at a fitting or clamp. If it isnt, replace the coil. If there is a circuit breaker that doesnt manually reset, test it for continuity with a meter, or another way to test it is by bypassing it with a 20-amp in-line fuse. If the inlet water is not cold, the thermostat may not sense the need to raise the water temperature, otherwise it is likely that replacement will be necessary. Each pancake provides addition feet of pipe inside the coil jacket. Next run an alkaline detergent through the coil using the same method. Next, is the battery dead? Inspection involves removing the burner assembly from the coil jacket and visually examining the coil for soot. First find the power cord wires and follow them to the first grouping of wires. This cooling in some cases will take hours. Disconnect the fuel line fitting where the fuel line enters the burner housing. The sensor is a liquid that fills a sensor bulb and capillary tube. Any temperature-sensing switch must be installed with the sensor located where the water first emerges from the heater coil to be accurate. The flowing water stream, overcoming the repellent force of the other magnets, pushes this magnet forward.
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