what makes a spinning top spin

So, at this point I asked him to imagine what would happen to the marbles in the boxes if we tried to twist the rotating wheel about its axis. How do you explain spinning tops to a nine year old?

The way the wheel is being spun by the pole means that the left half and the right half of the wheel are moving in opposite directions, so a pull on one side and a drag on the other are in the same direction.

Note that Derek pushes the axle horizontally at the start to speed up the precession so that the disk rises more easily.

Bicycles will actually correct such perturbations.

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No one knows exactly how old it is, but it's definitely been around for thousands upon thousands of years.

Then note that it takes force to stop it from spinning.

Be the first to know! The result is that the front edge of the disk lifts upward as the disk falls. If a small mass is located inside a hollow sphere, then the centre of mass is shifted away from the middle of the sphere. Pulling in different directions on the top and bottom of the wheel, makes the whole wheel want to flip over. How do people live in bunkers & not go crazy with boredom?

The egg therefore rises.

The disk rotates once every 10 frames or in 10/600 seconds, so it spins at 60 Hz or 3600 rpm.

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You can make your own rattleback by cutting the handle off a plastic spoon and attaching two small masses to each end of the spoon. More practically, I would probably take a wheel from a bicycle, made the kid hold it, rotate it quickly, and then make him or her feel the forces when he tries to change the direction of the wheel.

Lets be practical and think with the mind of 9 year old, this is my approach: Tell him to stretch his arms and start spinning and now tell him to fold his arms and start spinning again (make sure he doesnt do it vigorously ) and now ask his observation saying which one was easy and say the same feeling would have been to the spinning top if it could think , you can then show his feet (compare with the tops axial) and say you are able to spin without falling as you are maintaining your position and speed relative to this point, Hope this will clear your child's doubt :). We're glad you liked today's Wonder! If you look carefully you will see that the spoon rocks from side to side and from end to end while it rotates.

You will see the tops spinning ten times slower than they actually did. It will indeed fall over if it is not spinning. I then asked him to guess what might happen to the marble if the box was pushed in a straight line from left to right.

When you spin a top into motion, you're applying a force that converts the top's potential (stored) energy into kinetic energy, or energy of motion.

Now imagine a dot on the outer edge of the spinning top, and another dot halfway toward the center.

So the top is pulled in two new directions, and the direction it leans changes again.

Did today's Wonder of the Day leave your head spinning?

A tippe top not only inverts itself, it can become airborne as it does so. With steady precession, there is no falling motion at all.

Twisting the wheel about its axis would effectively pull two sides of the wheel closer to the axis of rotation of the marbles. Others might think of action figures from an animated movie or a doll.

(b) The egg rotates initially with \Omega much larger than \omega so point P slides out of the page and the sliding friction force on the egg acts into the page. Tell the child that the direction and the number they came up with in the previous parts (disregarding mass for the moment, since it is fairly just a scaling factor) can be thought of as an "amount" of spinning, the same way that saying "there are 5 apples" is an amount of objects. Let's say it is going clockwise. It sounds like you know a lot about toy tops. Then I asked him what would happen to the marble if the moving box suddenly stopped. Dr. Motl's suggestion of a bicycle wheel is a good one.

Angular momentum is similar to linear momentum, but it refers to motion in a circular rather than a straight line path. I thought the following post would help, but the answers would just bamboozle him I'm afraid. There is an even simpler explanation.

If the wheel is not spinning then the counter-balance at the opposite end is not heavy enough to hold the wheel up. The two dots must do the same number of turns per second around the middle, but the outer dot travels in a bigger circle.

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But as for the rest, check out the idea of a.

if the top decided to fall, the spinning would either disappear or would be replaced by a totally different spinning around a horizontal axis, and Nature doesn't allow such a change of the amount of spinning to occur quickly.

The analogy being that you have a number and a qualifier, apples corresponds to a direction, 5 corresponds to the angular velocity. The usual tippe top has a peg on top to spin it, and its centre of mass is located below the centre of curvature.

When the strip rocks from one end to the other, it falls to the heavy side so the whole strip rotates in that direction. If the disk rotated down the screen the two Fs would generate a torque about the vertical axis. Looking from a child's pov, if you place a top on it's point, it will fall over because it isn't perfectly balanced.

Here is a spinning hollow plastic egg, a solid wood egg and a solid aluminum egg.

In that case, the force on the object is equal to the rate of change of its momentum.

Tidal forces in daily situations: where to find it? Now you have shown that spinning something in one direction and then rotating it in a second direction makes it want to flip over in a third direction, at a right angle to the other two. Nevertheless, there is a simple explanation, and it involves the effect of friction.

The whole top therefore tilts up at the front edge and down at the rear edge, which means that the top tilts into the page when viewed from the front.

There are many theoretical papers on the subject and many videos of rattlebacks on YouTube, but there are no simple explanations. If you're Jewish or have a Jewish friend, then chances are you've probably seen or played this fun game that features small objects similar to a spinning top. This is a pretty nice yet simple toy in various science museums, including "Techmania" we have here in Pilsen.

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Next, to explain how two different rotations create a third rotation. Careful not to catch your nose on the spinning tyre though! It still looks like magic, especially since the film is viewed in slow motion and the disk seems to be rotating at low speed. There is no such torque acting on the disk, so this cant happen unless a horizontal force is applied to the axle in an attempt to reduce the precession frequency. For some children, older video game consoles may hold good memories. However, all tops eventually fall when the spin drops to a low value. But a torque, as something different than force, is tougher.

The torque about the center of mass is directed into the screen in the photo. Can you find any spinning tops?

Try reading through this Wonder one more time and see what you discover!!

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We believe youll find tomorrows Wonder of the Day to be super cool! Copyright 2022 ec Estudio Integral. First you need to explain how the speed of points on a spinning object changes with distance from the axis of rotation.

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Viewed from the rear, the top falls to the left.

The direction of the roll is such as to move the bottom of the top back underneath its center of gravity. If the fat end remains at the bottom after falling, then the thin end can rotate all the way up to the top with enough energy left over to swing it past the top. We sent you SMS, for complete subscription please reply.

And that's why it takes longer to fall over. While precession depends on the conservation of angular momentum, I think this explanation makes it clear what's going on kinematically, without relying on concepts that are hard to develop at that age. ;), I quibble with your mention of "the torque acting on the bottom tip of the top", insofar as the. We're so glad you joined the discussion, Jessica!

I used two small pieces a Blu-Tack, a re-usable adhesive. The following slow motion video clips show what happens with different types of tops, including a spinning egg and two types of tippe top.

Point out that it takes force to get it moving and to stop it moving. A pair of forces is OK for a nine-year-old.

If you spin an object on a table, then friction will slow it down until it comes to a stop. The spin axis must move sideways instead of down, but that is just stating the observed facts in fancy technical words. When it's spinning, a top balances on a tiny tip. Presumably they will come up with something akin to angular velocity, the number of rotations in some time, etc.

I attached a thin wire to the spoon, along its axis, to see the motion more clearly.

It drops below the horizontal as it slows down. It also works nicely as a tippe top. Ms. Sanna's 2nd Grade Class Wonders, How does a toy top spin without falling down? Thanks for WONDERing with us, Ms. Sanna's 2nd Grade Class!

That is the best way to measure the spin about the long axis.

But I've noticed that the simple concept that momentum represents an amount of motion is underemphasized in U.S. introductory physics courses. It is the torque generated by friction at the bottom end that causes tops to rise upward and defy gravity. This minimizes the amount of friction generated by its contact with the surface below it. It looks like a magic trick with a hidden spider thread holding up the other end. I have one those toys its like 50 years old. This was to stimulate his thinking about the reluctance of the marbles to start moving, reluctance to stop moving once they had started and the marbles apparent desire to push outwards from the centre of the wheel.

:), We're THRILLED you liked this Wonder, too, xekiel!

:), That's WONDERful, Rose!

The upward torque is proportional to the precession frequency. To learn more, check out. Further details can be found in The rise and fall of spinning tops, Am J Phys 81(4), 280-289 (2013).

What would the term for pomegranate orchard be in latin or ancient greek? In the video I started the spoon rocking by pushing down on one end and then releasing the spoon. BUT!

It turns itself completely upside down and ends up spinning with its peg underneath the sphere that was originally spinning underneath the peg used to spin it.

The tops were filmed at 300 fps to measure their spin and rate of precession.

If the wheel spins, the gyro generates an upward torque to balance the counter-weight, and the gyro precesses slowly. Faced by the same question and a background that includes courses in vector calculus, I have sought a simpler answer.

Here is a curved aluminum strip with an offset bolt at each end.

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Youve matched all of the definitions correctly.

Elementary explanation for motion of a gyroscope, Explaining to a five year old - why don't bubbles run like water. It precesses once in 1400 frames or in 1400/600 = 2.3 seconds so it precesses at 0.43 Hz or 26 rpm.

That is how the two Fs are acting when the disk rotates out of the screen. Moreover, the surfaces they spin on aren't perfectly level either.

The principle of conservation of angular momentum holds that the top would keep spinning indefinitely if there were no other external forces acting upon it.

Any object that is moving at high speed left to right will continue moving left to right due its momentum, although it can also move up or down if an up or down force is exerted while it is moving. After a theoretical discussion it is good to have a physical demonstration - Lubos's suggestion of using a bycicle wheel is perhaps the easiest way to demonstrate the fact that "things want to keep spinning the same direction* in a way that the child can feel.

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In 1974, Professor Eric Laithwaite showed that he could lift an 18 kg disk above his head, using one hand, when the disk was spinning on the end of a 0.9 m long axle. Besides, some adults DO play with spinning tops (check the web), and some make very elegant ones (see www.puccimanuli.com under spinners).

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But most tops aren't perfect and will begin to lose their momentum.

At least, that is how precession gets started when a spinning top starts falling. So, the two small masses must be located as shown in this 3Mb QuickTime slow motion video taken at 300 fps. Whether you spin the top with your fingers or hold the top upright while you pull a string to start it spinning, the top spins rapidly, miraculously staying upright for a long time before eventually beginning to wobble and finally fall back onto its side.

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Remember, this is trying to explain to a kid without using complicated maths or formal terminalogy.

Explaining conservation of angular momentum is a good idea.

It's possible that the first spinning top toy was nothing more than an acorn put into motion by a curious kid.

This was to encourage him to think about the marbles apparent reluctance to start moving and reluctance to stop moving once it had started.

Its centre of mass rises slowly since the brass ball rolls and the friction force at the bottom end is relatively small. For example, a bullet fired horizontally will continue to move at high speed in a horizontal direction while it falls slowly to the ground under the influence of the vertical gravitational force. What are we talking about? Stuff falls over because the earth's gravity acts on it with a force to pull it down.

With a flick of your fingers grasping a small post on the top, you send the small object spinning wildly across a tabletop or the floor.

Positive rake, for example, is not necessary. ;-) You must be from a nation South from mine, right?

Now you can try to explain the gyroscope using these two principles that the kid understands.

The two dashed lines represent the components of the velocity vector one parallel to the edge of the disk and one perpendicular, showing the front edge lifting up.

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what makes a spinning top spin