Set up centralized log management using a security information and event management tool. Only in the event you are unable to disconnect devices from the network, power them down to avoid further spread of the ransomware infection. Delete other known, associated registry values and files. org/system/files/documents/Public-Power-Cyber-Incident-Response-Playbook.pdf, APTs Targeting IT Service Provider Customers | CISA, Microsoft Office 365 Security Recommendations | CISA, CIS Hardware and Software Asset Tracking Spreadsheet (cisecurity.org), Security Primer Ransomware (cisecurity.org), https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices, https://www.secretservice.gov/contact/field-offices. Maintain offline, encrypted backups of data and regularly test your backups. Federal agencies remain vigilant in maintaining awareness of ransomware attacks and associated tactics, techniques, and procedures across the country and around the world. Kill or disable the execution of known ransomware binaries; this will minimize damage and impact to your systems.
Conduct organization-wide phishing tests to gauge user awareness and reinforce the importance of identifying potentially malicious emails. Rebuild systems based on a prioritization of critical services (e.g., health and safety or revenue generating services), using pre-configured standard images, if possible. Ensure devices are properly configured and that security features are enabled. The CSBS Bankers Electronic Crimes Taskforce (BECTF), State Bank Regulators and the United States Secret Service developed the Ransomware Self-Assessment Tool for banks and nonbanks, which has 16 questions designed to help financial institutions reduce the risks of ransomware. This enables your organization to get back to business in a more efficient manner. Malicious actors have adjusted their ransomware tactics over time to include pressuring victims for payment by threatening to release stolen data if they refuse to pay and publicly naming and shaming victims as secondary forms of extortion. Update PowerShell and enable enhanced logging. Ransomware incidents have become more destructive and impactful in nature and scope. Review available incident response guidance, such as the Public Power Cyber Incident Response Playbook (, Help your organization better organize around cyber incident response, and. Adversaries may spoof the identity ofor use compromised email accounts associated withentities your organization has a trusted relationship with in order to phish your users, enabling network compromise and disclosure of information. Ransomware actors often target and threaten to sell or leak exfiltrated data or authentication information if the ransom is not paid. Backup procedures should be conducted on a regular basis. 
Disable or block Server Message Block (SMB) protocol outbound and remove or disable outdated versions of SMB.
It should be carried out only if it is not possible to temporarily shut down the network or disconnect affected hosts from the network using other means. Malicious actors continue to adjust and evolve their ransomware tactics over time, and the U.S. Government, state and local governments, as well as the private sector remain vigilant in maintaining awareness of ransomware attacks and associated tactics, techniques, and procedures across the country and around the world. 
Breaches often involve mass credential exfiltration. This is useful in steady state and can help incident responders understand where to focus their efforts. This enables an organization to correlate logs from both network and host securitydevices. Prioritize timely patching of internet-facing serversas well as software processing internet data, such as web browsers, browser plugins, and document readersfor known vulnerabilities. Malicious actors will sometimes use this access to exfiltrate data and then threaten to release the data publicly before ransoming the network in an attempt to further extort the victim and pressure them into paying. Threat actors use PowerShell to deploy ransomware and hide their malicious activities. Use directory allowlisting rather than attempting to list every possible permutation of applications in a network environment. Prior to enabling these protections, run audits against the lsass.exe program to ensure an understanding of the programs that will be affected by the enabling of this protection. Secure domain controllers (DCs). Threat actors often target and use DCs as a staging point to spread ransomware network-wide. Threat actors use SMB to propagate malware across organizations. Usually, these systems do not have a valid need for direct internet access. 
These resources are designed to help individuals and organizations prevent attacks that can severely impact business processes and leave organizations without the data they need to operate and deliver mission-critical services. Doing so can highlight evidence of additional systems or malware involved in earlier stages of the attack. Review the Windows Security log, SMB event logs, and, Run Wireshark on the impacted server with a filter to. Ensure the most current version of the Windows Server OS is being used on DCs. For example, if a new Virtual Local Area Network has been created for recovery purposes, ensure only clean systems are added to it. 
This entails maintaining image templates that include a preconfigured operating system (OS) and associated software applications that can be quickly deployed to rebuild a system, such as a virtual machine or server. Restrict user permissions to install and run software applications. Be sure to isolate systems in a coordinated manner and use out-of-band communication methods like phone calls or other means to avoid tipping off actors that they have been discovered and that mitigation actions are being undertaken. Keep track of systems and devices that are not perceived to be impacted so they can be deprioritized for restoration and recovery. These macros can be used to deliver ransomware. Looking to learn more about this growing cyber threat? PowerShell logs contain valuable data, including historical OS and registry interaction and possible tactics, techniques, and procedures of a threat actors PowerShell use. Not doing so could cause actors to move laterally to preserve their accessalready a common tacticor deploy ransomware widely prior to networks being taken offline. Ensure your organization has a comprehensive asset management approach. 
These logs should be checked on a regular basis to confirm whether the log data has been deleted or logging has been turned off. Conduct regular vulnerability scanning to identify and address vulnerabilities, especially those on internet-facing devices, to limit the attack surface. Ransomware is an ever-evolving form of malware designed to encrypt files on a device, rendering any files and the systems that rely on them unusable. 
This enables detection of both precursor malware and ransomware. Ensure PowerShell instances (use most current version) have module, script block, and transcription logging enabled (enhanced logging). Ransomware: What It Is and What to Do About It (CISA): General ransomware guidance for organizational leadership and more in-depth information for CISOs and technical staff: Ransomware (CISA): Introduction to ransomware, notable links to CISA products on protecting networks, specific ransomware threats, and other resources: Security Primer Ransomware (MS-ISAC): Outlines opportunistic and strategic ransomware campaigns, common infection vectors, and best practice recommendations: Ransomware: Facts, Threats, and Countermeasures (MSISAC):Facts about ransomware, infection vectors, ransomwarecapabilities, and how to mitigate the risk of ransomwareinfection: Security Primer Ryuk (MS-ISAC): Overview of Ryuk ransomware, a prevalent ransomware variant in the SLTT government sector, that includes information regarding preparedness steps organizations can take to guard against infection: Determine which systems were impacted, and immediately isolate them. Using contract language to formalize your security requirements is a best practice. Look for evidence of precursor dropper malware. Identify and prioritize critical systems for restoration, and confirm the nature of data housed on impacted systems. ], [Enter your local USSS field office POC phone number and email address. Share the information you have at your disposal to receive the most timely and relevant assistance. It is critical to maintain offline, encrypted backups of data and to regularly test your backups. Remember: The Joint CISA MS-ISAC Ransomware guide states, Paying ransom will not ensure your data is decrypted or that your systems or data will no longer be compromised. See figures 2 and 3 for depictions of a flat (unsegmented) network and of a best practice segmented network. CISA recommends using a centrally managed antivirus solution. This includes the application of critical patches as soon as possible. This can include applying patches, upgrading software, and taking other security precautions not previously taken. Join an information sharing organization, such as one of the following: Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC): Election Infrastructure Information Sharing and Analysis Center (EI-ISAC): Sector-based ISACs - National Council of ISACs: Information Sharing and Analysis Organization (ISAO) Standards Organization: Engage CISA to build a lasting partnership and collaborate on information sharing, best practices, assessments, exercises, and more: Engaging with your ISAC, ISAO, and with CISA will enable your organization to receive critical information and access to services to better manage the risk posed by ransomware and other cyber threats. Apply more comprehensive security controls or safeguards to critical assets. Develop and regularly update a comprehensive network diagram that describes systems and data flows within your organizations network (see figure 1). Apply the principle of least privilege to all systems and services so that users only have the access they need to perform their jobs. The U.S. Secret Service provides guidance for how and where to report a cyber incident in theirPreparing for a Cyber Incidentdocument. See CISAs APTs Targeting IT Service Provider Customers (. Ransomware is an ever-evolving form of malware designed to encrypt files on a device, rendering any files and the systems that rely on them unusable.
It is important that backups be maintained offline as many ransomware variants attempt to find and delete any accessible backups. See CISA Alert AA20-073A, Enterprise VPN Security (https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-073a). 
Operators of these advanced malware variants will often sell access to a network.
This will aid your organization in determining restoration priorities should an incident occur. The contacts below may be able to assist you in performing these tasks. Update PowerShell instances to version 5.0 or later and uninstall all earlier PowerShell versions. Should your organization be a victim of ransomware, CISA strongly recommends responding by using the following checklist. 
Threat actors often seek out privileged accounts to leverage to help saturate networks with ransomware. Access to DCs should be restricted to the Administrators group. This can include email accounts. The economic and reputational impacts of ransomware incidents, throughout the initial disruption and, at times, extended recovery, have also proven challenging for organizations large and small. Regularly patch and update software and OSs to the latest available versions. If no initial mitigation actions appear possible: Take care to preserve evidence that is highly volatile in nature - or limited in retention - to prevent loss or tampering (e.g., system memory, Windows Security logs, data in firewall log buffers). Malicious actors then demand ransom in exchange for decryption. Additionally, collect any relevant logs as well as samples of any precursor malware binaries and associated observables or indicators of compromise (e.g., suspected command and control IP addresses, suspicious registry entries, or other relevant files detected).
This will help contain the impact of any intrusion affecting your organization and prevent or limit lateral movement on the part of malicious actors. Logs can be analyzed to determine the impact of events and ascertain whether an incident has occurred. An official website of the United States government. In recent months, ransomware has dominated the headlines, but incidents among the Nations state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) government entities and critical infrastructure organizations have been growing for years. Leverage best practices and enable security settings in association with cloud environments, such as Microsoft Office 365 (. For example, disable ports and protocols that are not being used for a business purpose (e.g., Remote Desktop Protocol [RDP] Transmission Control Protocol [TCP] Port 3389). CISA, MS-ISAC, and other federal law enforcement do not recommend paying ransom. Keep management and senior leaders informed via regular updates as the situation develops. An official website of the United States government. If you are using passwords, use strong passwords (. If taking the network temporarily offline is not immediately possible, locate the network (e.g., Ethernet) cable and unplug affected devices from the network or remove them from Wi-Fi to contain the infection. PowerShell is a cross-platform, command-line, shell and scripting language that is a component of Microsoft Windows. By reviewing logs from multiple sources, an organization can better triage an individual event and determine its impact to the organization as a whole. CISA and MS-ISAC are distributing this guide to inform and enhance network defense and reduce exposure to a ransomware attack: This Ransomware Guide includes two resources: CISA recommends that organizations take the following initial steps: Refer to the best practices and references below to help manage the risk posed by ransomware and support your organizations coordinated and efficient response to a ransomware incident. Malicious actors then demand ransom in exchange for decryption. Once the environment has been fully cleaned and rebuilt (including any associated impacted accounts and the removal or remediation of malicious persistence mechanisms) issue password resets for all affected systems and address any associated vulnerabilities and gaps in security or visibility. The two logs that record PowerShell activity are the PowerShell Windows Event Log and the PowerShell Operational Log. Take a system image and memory capture of a sample of affected devices (e.g., workstations and servers). If taking the network temporarily offline is not immediately possible, locate the network (e.g., Ethernet) cable and unplug affected devices from the network or remove them from Wi-Fi to contain the infection. 
Enable additional protections for Local Security Authentication to prevent code injection capable of acquiring credentials from the system. The Ransomware Response Checklist from the Ransomware Guide is your next stop. Retain backup hardware to rebuild systems in the event rebuilding the primary system is not preferred.
Retain and adequately secure logs from both network devices and local hosts. An official website of the United States government. ]. These resources are designed to help individuals and organizations prevent attacks that can severely impact business processes and leave organizations without the data they need to operate and deliver mission-critical services. 
They include Energy, Food, Healthcare, and Information Technology some of the sectors targeted in recent high profile cyber attacks.
We also encourage you to take a look at some of the other resources made available by interagency partners, namely NIST at the Department of Commerce, as well as the National Cyber Investigative Joint Task Force. Disabling or destroying the 16 critical infrastructure sectorswould cause great harm to security, economic welfare, public health, and safety. We understand attacks can severely impact business processes and leave organizations without the data needed to operate and deliver mission-critical services. Not doing so could cause actors to move laterally to preserve their accessalready a common tacticor deploy ransomware widely prior to networks being taken offline. Implement filters at the email gateway to filter out emails with known malicious indicators, such as known malicious subject lines, and block suspicious Internet Protocol (IP) addresses at the firewall. Limit the ability of a local administrator account to log in from a local interactive session (e.g., Deny access to this computer from the network.) and prevent access via an RDP session. Hardware that is newer or older than the primary system can present installation or compatibility hurdles when rebuilding from images. Measures should be taken to ensure that LM and NTLM responses are refused, if possible. The monetary value of ransom demands has also increased, with some demands exceeding US $1 million. 
Understand which data or systems are most critical for health and safety, revenue generation, or other critical services, as well as any associated interdependencies (i.e., critical asset or system list). Upon voluntary request, federal asset response includes providing technical assistance to affected entities to protect their assets, mitigate vulnerabilities, and reduce impacts of cyber incidents while identifying other entities that may be at risk, assessing potential risks to the sector or region, facilitating information sharing and operational coordination, and providing guidance on how to best use federal resources and capabilities. Additional suggested actionsserver-side data encryption quick-identification steps: In the event you learn that server-side data is being encrypted by an infected workstation, quick-identification steps are to: Review Computer Management > Sessions and Open Files lists on associated servers to determine the user or system accessing those files. CISA recommends turning on these two Windows Event Logs with a retention period of 180 days. If several systems or subnets appear impacted, take the network offline at the switch level. 
Conduct regular vulnerability scanning to identify and address vulnerabilities, especially those on internet-facing devices, to limit the attack surface. DC host firewalls should be configured to prevent internet access. After an initial compromise, malicious actors may monitor your organizations activity or communications to understand if their actions have been detected. It may not be feasible to disconnect individual systems during an incident. Consider implementing an intrusion detection system (IDS) to detect command and control activity and other potentially malicious network activity that occurs prior to ransomware deployment.
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