The cultural tests confirm that the American culture represents individualism, whereas the Korean culture represents collectivism. 36 0 obj 1 0 obj Firstly, activities are implemented solely in the form of projects, i.e. Using a common methodology, we reviewed the design and implementation of 200 multi-actor partnerships involving farmers and foresters from across Europe. She has wide experience working with research and development institutions, including the Ministry of Agriculture in Kenya, the World Agroforestry Centre, CAB International Africa Regional Centre, Knowledge Trends Ltd., and the African Union Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources on agricultural information, communication and knowledge management in Africa. 25 0 obj <>22]/P 21 0 R/Pg 43 0 R/S/Link>> For over one hundred years, Land Grant Universities (LGUs) have pushed the frontiers of knowledge; have translated new knowledge into practice for the benefit of farmers, agribusiness and consumers; and have prepared the next generation of agricultural scientists and entrepreneurs. The involvement of some groups of actors (G, N) as formal partners is especially low in our sampled H2020 projects and OGs, and non-EIP-AGRI options may be better suited to fostering co-innovation between these actors and farmers and foresters. Every consulted database was uniquely structured and, of necessity, different keywords were used to shortlist projects from each (Fieldsend, Cronin, and Rnningen 2019). But, beyond the EIP-AGRI, other forms of multi-actor innovation partnerships, including farmers and foresters, occur widely across Europe.
The information seeking contexts of Australian grain and cotton growers were explored as they undertook self-directed learning to make farming system changes. <>36]/P 24 0 R/Pg 43 0 R/S/Link>> Historically, there have been strong arguments for public investment in such knowledge generation and transfer activities. The authors thank Craig Morris (Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production Institute) for comments, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Kirinyaga District, for help during data collection. Even in the EIP-AGRI, there is a continuing dominance of academic partners in our reviewed (especially H2020) projects (Table 3 and Figure 6). Business (B) (e.g. In addition, many developing countries' agricultural extension services have failed to provide assistance (Chapman et al., 2003, Richardson, 2006) and, according to Rees et al. Also, users appear to employ Passini's wayfinding styles more often than his wayfinding strategies, but additional research is needed that delves more deeply into these cognitive processes. Interlinking of innovation programmes and more effective targeting of these programmes at groups of actors, especially users, who are currently not sufficiently engaged are worthy aspirations. Aubrac (1977) perceived a cause and effect relationship between the slow development of this sector and a lack of information. Those segments tend to be the straightest or most direct segments connecting two given nodes. Of the 3205 OGs planned in April 2016, Spain accounted for 849, Italy for 625, Greece for 435, France for 305 and Germany for 203 (EIP-AGRI SP 2016). Some harder-to-reach groups that do not use advisory services could perhaps be mobilised through community-level knowledge brokering hubs as proposed by Fieldsend et al. Table 2. Furthermore, binary notions of adopters and non-adopters provides a poor basis for understanding innovation within complex farming systems. 
The following brief overview places emphasis on the, The results show that small-scale farmers used local and external knowledge in their farming practices, but there were more farmers using external agricultural information and knowledge than local knowledge in Kirinyaga. meet global food security and climate change challenges. endobj 2 0 obj a Additional OGs not included in the EIP-AGRI database. Table 3. The reviews were conducted by the LIAISON consortium partners in the period MayJuly 2019 and consisted of three phases. OGs and Interreg). <>20]/P 21 0 R/Pg 43 0 R/S/Link>> 5 0 obj Overall, the study found library users' wayfinding behavior to be generally inconsistent over time, but that there are users who stick to predominant segments (those segments used heavily to connect two particular nodes, or stops). Registered in England & Wales No. (2014), the involvement of some direct demand/enterprise (categories B and M) in our reviewed projects is relatively low (Table 3). It has four administrative divisions with diverse agro-ecological conditions, varied climates, wide-ranging economic enterprises, and differing poverty levels. In fact, these structural differences can lead to different interests and priorities regarding research and innovation funding (Pokrivk, Ciaian, and Drabik 2019). Using the theories of Grard Genette, who defined the paratext, and Pierre Bourdieu, this research posits that paratextual utterances serve as an expression and tool of the cultural realm of publication and can be used for informational purposes in library and information science (LIS) research and practice. These categories covered the types of challenges tackled by the project (e.g. This paper assesses user involvement in a diverse set of European Union (EU)-funded and non-EU (formal and informal) multi-actor partnerships. The overall picture is one of the substantial levels of participation by diverse actors in the reviewed partnerships. It will receive a welcome increase in funding in the 20212027 EU programming period but only a few farms will ever directly participate in EIP-AGRI activities (Fotheringham et al. 2020). Findings indicate that the peritext is a rich source for gathering information about authorship and publishing as it reveals contextually relevant information, shares the author's informational tools, constructs the author, markets titles, and provides relevant information for specific age groups and genres. Fotheringham et al. those sections of the community that are difficult to involve in public participation (Brackertz 2007). The insights gained into the. There is indeed increasing empirical evidence that many farmers decide to innovate not only on the basis of economic and personal considerations, but also in the context of the social interactions they maintain among themselves and with the broad range of agents who promote change, such as buyers, input providers, local authorities, farmers groups and others (Knierim, Koutsouris, et al.
uuid:bb2fd557-b406-11b2-0a00-f0964669fe7f She is a communication and training specialist at the International Potato Center, Sub-Saharan Africa Region, Nairobi, Kenya. Analysis of them can yield further valuable insights into the nature of co-innovation, while some coordination at the policy level might further enhance the impacts of this type of multi-actor partnership. However, little is known how farmers develop an information need, seek, and use pest management related information, and whether this process differs for organic and conventional pest management strategies. Christine Stilwell holds a Ph.D. from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, where she is a professor in the Information Studies Programme, School of Social Sciences. Table 4. This reflects their wide geographical coverage and big budgets. 1305/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EU) No. In the current (20142020) programming period, by far the largest numbers of OGs are planned for the Western EU Member States.
Hilda M. Munyua holds a Ph.D. from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Our findings suggest that the absence of such a stipulation has not necessarily led to users being excluded from such partnerships. in Agriculture from the University of Nairobi, a Post Graduate Diploma in information studies from Curtin University of Technology, Australia. The process assumed that former collectivised structures would naturally adjust to the Western European norm (Swain 2013). Farmers are agents who must personalise both information content and processes to produce relevant meanings and to progress their own learning agendas and pathways. Conventional pesticides are associated with numerous human and environmental health risks. Figure 2. The two systems can be synergistic and small-scale farmers have mixed them in their farming activities. Until such time that the EIP-AGRI is fully functioning, there is a particular need to highlight to users the opportunities for co-innovation provided by other funding programmes. Creating synergies between policies and programmes remains challenging but provides potential for improved and differentiated involvement of users. She is a communication and training specialist at the International Potato Center, Sub-Saharan Africa Region, Nairobi, Kenya. For example, following evaluation of a concept note, co-innovation partnerships could perhaps be awarded a small pump-priming grant with no financial or other reporting obligations, apart from the need to prepare one or two EIP-AGRI Practice Abstracts or equivalent outputs at the end of the co-innovation process. AppendPDF Pro 6.3 Linux 64 bit Aug 30 2019 Library 15.0.4 Their information needs and information behavior were found to be diverse and the AKISs in the district were complex, dynamic, and location specific. The reviewed OGs also have a broad focus, although almost 50 per cent of them cover resource management (R) and almost 50 per cent deal with socio-economic sustainability (S) (several OGs may cover both topics, of course). <>stream
Secondly, a one telephone call semi-structured interview was held with a key informant, involving questions related to the partnership, cooperation within it, its performance and outcomes, and a short self-evaluation. 241-250, Three ways of knowing: Agricultural knowledge systems of small-scale farmers in Africa with reference to Kenya, Finding their way: How public library users wayfind, Understanding the moderating effect of tie on the transfer of ease of use and usefulness from print resources to electronic resources, Hiding in plain sight: Paratextual utterances as tools for information-related research and practice, Fully engaged practice and emotional connection: Aspects of the practitioner perspective of reference and information service, Retrospective relational sensemaking in R&D offshoring, Information and culture: Cultural differences in the perception and recall of information. what has been achieved (to date) compared to what was initially intended) (Table 4). Some features of this site may not work without it. Selection pathway of the 200 co-innovation projects and non-project activities. 16 0 obj 
<><>2 3]/P 6 0 R/Pg 43 0 R/S/Link>> LIAISON research has indicated that interactive innovation is an example of a term that is not well understood by AKIS actors. Thirdly, a post-interview reflection by the LIAISON partner was intended to obtain some first insights into the factors they thought were keys to the success of the project or causes of failure or were barriers to efficient implementation. In other words, it was necessary for farmers, foresters and/or their organisations to be involved in the co-innovation process, usually as participants in the core partnership, although substantial engagement could occasionally be achieved in other ways in some other actor configurations (such as networks). All the reviewed policy instruments, not just those funded in the frame of the EIP-AGRI, can be used to involve users in co-innovation in agriculture, forestry and related value chains. 2020). By contrast, other programmes might consult with users and their representative organisations on how to make them, literally, more user friendly. Percentage of each type of project and non-project activity including a specific type of actor in the consortium (or equivalent). Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? Drawing upon self-perception theory and the technology acceptance model (TAM), a research model is developed and tested using questionnaires and, partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License. Over 10 years ago, Gorton, Hubbard, and Hubbard (2009) questioned the wisdom of transferring EU agricultural and rural policy developed in countries with a long tradition of family farming to post-socialist EU Member States with rural areas that are substantially different in terms of their underlying historical and socio-economic conditions. 40 0 obj By contrast, the high incidence (57.1 per cent) of food safety/product quality among the non-project activities without funding hints that the participants may be expecting product development to yield an early return on investment. (2016) observed that only several thousand farms, i.e. Administrative demands associated with the projectification of innovation support can lead to the consistent exclusion of some groups (Andersson 2009; Arora-Jonsson 2017). Other facilitators, such as innovation brokers and champion farmers, should also be encouraged to consider options for co-innovation beyond the EIP-AGRI. Many of the reviewed Interreg projects (and also other ESIF-funded and ERASMUS+ projects) address socio-economic sustainability and, to a lesser extent, food safety/product quality (F), while topics of more relevance to practical farming such as animal health/welfare (A), plant disease and pest treatment (D) and pollution (P) are only weakly represented. Information providers should adopt policies that promote the use of the three knowledge systems by small-scale farmers. Our data suggest that many of these are effective methods of supporting co-innovation and are, therefore, sharing the space within the AKIS. She holds a B.Sc. These included (a) involving a multi-actor partnership composed of two or more entities; (b) having a clear intention to innovate in (c) a relevant topic; and (d) featuring a substantial level of engagement with practitioners. This finding applies both to the 87 EIP-AGRI projects and 113 non-EIP-AGRI projects and non-project activities. The potential success of the co-innovation process was judged to be medium or high in almost all the 200 reviewed multi-actor partnerships.
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