Peel test initial applications for proper bond to the substrate. The maintenance is regular and depends on the landscape design and the chosen plant material. Many vegetative roof products available in the United States have FLL certification. There is, and probably will continue to be, disagreement as to which method is better. fertilizer). The added weight of a vegetative roof results in an increased degree of sound insulation. Each layer of a ZinCo green roof build-up is conceived to take over the relevant functions of the missing ground. Chambers with removable lids are recommended for use at all drains and scuppers. Examples are hydro-mulch, plant fiber blankets, and photo-degradable netting. The organic matter content should be based on the manufacturer's recommendations for the climate conditions, plantings and specific application. Vegetative roofs may offer the only practical "at-source" technique for controlling runoff in areas that do not have adequate space on the ground to readily accommodate other methods of water retention. Disclaimer, Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS), Center for Green Roof Research, Penn State University, Standard Guide for Selection of Membranes Used in Vegetative Roofing Systems, National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA), Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftentwicklung Landschaftsbau. The last factor explains why succulents, which retain water in their leaves, are often used in vegetative roofs. Protects roof membrane from sharp objects and retains rainwater for plants.
However, many updated case studies of vegetative roof projects, including both extensive and intensive designs, are available at Green Roofs for Healthy Cities. In North America, examples of extensive vegetative roof projects are present in all climate zones. Many waterproofing experts recommend this membrane as the premiere waterproofing product, especially where there is an overburden (planting or paving) that is expensive to remove and where the spaces beneath are of importance. Some manufacturers consider a landscape up to 8 inches deep to be extensive systems.
These standards and guidelines include industry standard tests for growing medium weight, moisture, nutrient content, grain-size distribution, etc. These systems are typically "cellular"; a framing or geo-composite material creates void cells when placed, which are then filled with the growing media and planted, creating a "matrix" of reinforcing material and vegetative roof components. Figure 2 shows a generic cut-away of a common type of vegetative roof assembly that utilizes a lower granular drainage layer in combination with an upper growth medium or substrate. Many Western U.S. states have water rights laws that restrict how rainwater landing on a property may be used, as it is considered to be a water-of-the-state. Some of the pros and cons are given below. Some manufacturers require the detection system to be left in place in order to include overburden removal in their warranties. On a roof that is too flat, inadequate drainage can lead to damage to the membrane and plants. These roof designs cannot prohibit or highly discourage the entrapment of water within the roof assembly and the membrane and insulation design is not conducive to in-place reuse or recycle in future roof iterations. Generic Extensive Green Roof on a Concrete DeckImage courtesy of American Hydrotech, Figure 3. Roofing by Sika Sarnafil. These include the Earth Pledge Foundation in New York City, Northwest Eco Building Guild, Green Roof Advisory Group (GRAG) in Austin, TX, Green Roof info Think-Tank (GRiT) in Portland, Ore. and Sustainable ClevelandGreen Building Coalition. It is suggested that the designer either perform a dew point analysis or refer to the NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual for design calculations to determine if a vapor retarder below the insulation is required. Copper hydroxide root barriers are banned in several European countries and Canada. More over, this is the time and place where Jrg Breuning was a part of this movement. Figure 4. A third choice would be cold liquid-applied polyurethanes. As a result, white EPDM may be difficult to test, as well as black EPDM. Sedum Carpet is a shallow and lightweight green roof type that can easily deal with sun, wind and drought and requires little maintenance. Their use is limited to very controlled applications, due to the increased need for maintenance. Share your project information with us and see how we can help. Prevents fine particles from being washed into the drainage layer. Long-term green roof success will be ensured by using specific underfloor irrigation. It should have a compressive strength suitable to carry the loads above (minimum 20,000 psf). In such cases, a drilled-in moisture probe will give the relative humidity in the concrete, but it is not known at this time what relative humidity is acceptable. Forty years of German experience and research indicates that extensive vegetative roofs will succeed in most climates, if properly designed. For other climatic regions and smaller storms, vegetative roofs typically have greater capacity for runoff control. Non-commercial organizations that can provide current lists of vegetated roof service providers and are a useful source of up-to-date information, include: In addition, some regional groups and agencies have distinguished themselves in the promotion of vegetated roofs. Vegetative roofs are divided into two categories: 1) extensive vegetative roofs, which are 6 inches or shallower and are frequently designed to satisfy specific engineering and performance goals, and 2) intensive vegetative roofs, which may become quite deep and merge into more familiar on-structure plaza landscapes with promenades, lawn, large perennial plants, and trees. Owners who wish to engage in active gardening will find modules a convenient way to do this without damage to their homes' waterproofing. In mild weather and with the assistance of temporary irrigation, Sedum cuttings can be relied on to generate a uniform ground cover. Improves sound insulation. Given the paucity of reliable data, some designers may wish to also make this assumption based on criticality of performance, expected maintenance and other criteria. Similarly, the physical properties and performance characteristics of growing media (engineered soils) and plant materials may vary with the climate, plant community, or engineering requirements. Preferably, these components are installed above the membrane in a protected membrane roof assembly (PMR) often referred to as an inverted roof membrane assembly (IRMA) as follows: If the deck is reinforced concrete, use reinforced, minimum 215 mil thick hot fluid-applied rubberized asphalt, applied directly to the deck, in a protected membrane roof assembly (PMR) often referred to as an inverted roof membrane assembly (IRMA). Suppliers of pre-vegetative mats keep standard plant selections in inventory. Also, in order to increase plant diversity, plugs can be installed into a foundation ground cover established using direct seeding or pre-vegetative mats. Pre-grown mats can be installed in association with any vegetative roof assembly type. A properly adjusted irrigation system (by experienced installers) will almost always be more efficient than hand watering technique, if hand water is ever done. Hence, they do not allow an extensive vegetative roof in this configuration, because an extensive vegetative roof is less than 6 inches thick, by definition. After all, plants care about the porosity of materials, Air-to-Water Ratio, and nutrient exchange capacity to name a few.
FLL also certifies laboratories to conduct critical tests such as the root penetration resistance of waterproofing membranes. First, the paradigm must shift away from thinking of vegetative roofs as 'regular' gardens, only elevated. 43,000 square feet. In other words, go above R-20, and make green roof decisions for other reasons than energy. When joining systems of differing manufacturers, issues arise related to compatibility of products, warranty extents, long-term durability, and detailing concerns that could be avoided with a single manufacturer. Public access is not recommended on extensive vegetated roofs, since this roof system is not designed for the live load or disturbance. 
These can often be purchased on short notice. Vegetative roofs have been shown in several studies, including the referenced Columbia University study, to provide comparable benefits to white or reflective roof surfaces in reducing the ambient air temperature. Installed over Sarnafil PVC membrane. A dead roof does nothing. This drying action increases the water flow, which causes a decrease in storm water mitigation. In these developments, rainfall is captured on the vegetative roofs, returned to ground water through infiltration, and re-used for irrigation, toilet flushing, etc. The use of the trays greatly increases the plastic surfaces areas that retain heat. The wire can be left in place, so that the roof can be retested for leaks after installation of overburden. Electric leak detection provides the precise location of leaks, but is generally not acceptable for use with black EPDM membranes due to the high conductivity of carbon black in the membrane.
The first level of intervention is to employ a geotechnical matting system (for example, "Enkamat") that physically ties together the growing media and vegetation roots so the any localized slipping of material is held in check by the mass and friction of the overall assembly. Plugged installations typically include ornamental varieties and mixtures of perennials. Because of the transient water retention capacity of vegetative roof systems, the live loads may increase as well. Many vegetative roof warranties do not cover plant survival while some include it, provided the owner also purchases a maintenance package. Baltimore, MD 21211. Furthermore, air conditioning systems have a much greater effect due to the reduced heating. PECO Main office Building, Philadelphia. In addition, the average inorganic vegetative roof medium will not support most large root systems or their nutritional requirements, further limiting plant choices to those with shallow root systems and an ability to store water.". Surrounding all drains and scuppers and depressions where underflow concentrates, coarse stone aggregate should be placed to facilitate percolation and horizontal flow toward the drainage facilities. All well-designed extensive vegetative roofs include subsystems responsible for: Drainage: Vegetative roof drainage design must both maintain optimum growing conditions in the growth medium and manage heavy rainfall without sustaining damage due to erosion or ponding of water. Review project requirements for solar reflectance from adjacent buildings, mechanical equipment, photovoltaic panels, etc., that may reflect sunlight onto the vegetative roof. Consider adding a drainage mat directly above the root barrier, to promote removal of water above the membrane. If the project does not require compliance with FM Loss Prevention Data Sheets, then going less than that noted in Data Sheet 1-35 should be backed up by calculations. In contrast, some municipalities such as Chicago have taken the approach of mandating vegetative roofs on new building projects because of the host of benefits it brings to built-out urban areas. For more information on leak detection systems, refer to the WBDG Resource Page on Membrane Integrity Testing. Standard landscaping work considers plant hardiness; tolerance for sun and shade; and preference for wet, dry, rich, poor, alkaline, or acid soils as the major concerns to influence plant selection. Reduces immediate water run-off. For all these kinds of use ZinCo provides well-engineered longlasting and functioning systems. By reducing both the volume and the rate of storm water runoff, vegetative roofs benefit cities with combined sewer overflow (CSO) impacts. Prevents roots from penetrating the roof membrane if the existing roof membrane is not root proof. Meanwhile, extensive Green Roofs are the epitome of the term "Green Roof". Copyright 2021 Jrg Breuning - All Rights Reserved. 4 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-008-0069-4. Thanks to a a high level of evaporation the ZinCo green roof system Urban Climate Roof helps cool cities during hot, dry periods. The roofing industry is looking into this. These include, but are not limited to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), modified bituminous sheet roofing membranes with liquid membrane deck prep, hot fluid-applied polymer-modified rubberized-asphalt waterproofing membranes, and other proprietary roof membranes available that the design team may consider with proper investigation. Sedum-only extensive green roofs require 50-80% more maintenance than a divers extensive greening with natural vegetation dynamic. AMCOL International Building, Hoffman Estates, IL. This is typically a modified bitumen (MB) base ply approximately 80 mils thick with a sanded surface. Provide a root barrier, as discussed elsewhere, to protect the membrane. al., 2008, Urban Ecosystems Vol. However, sufficient time for propagation must be provided when custom plant selections are desired. Green roofs are not created equal: the hydrologic and thermal performance of six different extensive green roofs and reflective and non-reflective roofs in a sub-tropical climate, Simmons et. At present, the most comprehensive guidelines for vegetative roof construction, especially for growth media, are those developed by Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftentwicklung Landschaftsbau. FM Global is approving vegetative roofs for fire resistance (mostly sedums), but not for wind uplift as of this writing. However, it appears that some of these laws are being eased. This is only a factor when an entire community practices storm water reduction, however. for 90% of the climate zones in the United States.
The plants can grow through the netting, but will hold the soil together. Modular systems involve installing the vegetative roof system inside plastic trays. The materials should be resistant to UV (although they do tend to become rapidly concealed by soil and plants). In fact, plants do not care about the weight. But that takes water, and you might not always have some. (Example: Localize burning of plants has been documented as late as September in New England.). The multiple layers of the vegetative roof protect the underlying roof materials from the elements in three ways: by protecting from mechanical damage (mostly from humans, but also from wind-blown dust and debris, and animals); by shielding from ultraviolet radiation; and by buffering temperature extremes, minimizing damage from the daily expansion and contraction of the roof materials. If there are laps they should be thermally fused. For example, due to it being white and therefore mitigating heat gain within the building and reducing heat island contribution, a white non-vegetative roof might be considered as being "green" or environmentally friendly. If designed specifically to increase the biodiversity and attract a particular fauna and flora, they are called Biodiverse Green Roofs. One must take into consideration, however, the added cost of vegetative roofs. Use only extruded polystyrene insulation because it does not absorb water, especially if (when) the insulation is located above the waterproofing membrane as is recommended above. Note that FM tends to assume the most conservative situation, such as requiring that the designer assume that the vegetative cover may have blown off due to lack of moisture content. This MB ply gets embedded into the top layer of hot fluid applied membrane while the membrane is still hot and tacky. Available from. Suitable plants include various Sedum species, herbs and some grasses. Custom plant selections will require 4 to 12 months for propagation, depending on the variety. The use of an adhered membrane prevents leaks from migrating laterally from the course of entry. Figure 5. Other materials, provided they are compatible with system components, may be used for a protection course such as: asphaltic boards, (1/8" or 1/4" thick, typically 4 by 8 foot sheets) and extruded polystyrene boards or PVC sheets, as applicable for the waterproofing membrane system (e.g. Be sure that the membrane is the EXACT same in every way to the physical characteristics and manufacturing as in the European precedent.
That being said, if you can do at-grade landscaping i.e. While it is true that cities with combined sewer outflow problems can (and do, in Germany) release large financial benefits from using vegetative roofs to manage urban runoff, these savings must be transferred to property owners in the form of incentives for a vegetative roof to 'pay its way.' Designed by Roofscapes, installed in 2004. Engineered growing medium based on minerals and organic material. In many areas of the United States it is possible to design vegetative roofs without irrigation. 3646 Roland Avenue Climate, especially temperature and rainfall patterns. In temperate climates temporary irrigation may not be necessary. temperate climate zones with Gulf Stream influence, like northern Europe. A separate filter fabric is not needed when using a Moisture Retention / Drainage Composite that integrates a filter fabric. When public access is allowed to vegetative roofs or other roof areas, additional building requirements usually apply. See the discussion below, under Insulation regarding vapor barriers. The most common 4 extensive vegetative roof cover in temperate climates is a single un-irrigated 3 to 4inch layer of lightweight growth media vegetative with succulent plants and herbs. In accordance with NRCA, verify that deflection allowable under the structural design does not result in ponding. Direct Seeding Method. Boards need to be specifically manufactured for this application.
Modules will require regular irrigation during the first growing season. Origination of the soil medium is very important, to understand the potential risks of transporting destructive or non-native pests to a vegetative roof environment (example: engineered soils may originate in the Southern U.S. Low and high voltage leak detection methods are available. It is not necessary or advisable to start plants in growth media. After establishment of the vegetation, the maintenance is limited to one or two inspections a year. Also, areas immediately adjacent to elements such as drains can be tested. In some cases, the manufacturer of the MB Protection Course will infuse this layer with a root-inhibiting chemical, such as copper hydroxide.
The safest route is to locate the insulation above the waterproofing membrane in a protected roof membrane (PRM) or "IRMA" configuration, thereby avoiding the issues related to double vapor barriers. The slower growing plants will eventually dominate. Therefore, important water quality benefits (reducing CSO) are achieved by controlling runoff in those situations. Several manufacturers also provide rigid cribbing style framing systems that transfer the load downward, and the weight of the vegetative roof "matrix" becomes a compressive load on the eave or parapet of the building. Limit public access volume and accessible areas. LV testing can be done in the rain. This fabric is typically a non-woven polypropylene or polyester geotextile that is non-biodegradable, tear resistant and has high water permeability. Once plant material is gone and bare media is exposed, perhaps due to drought or lack of maintenance, there is an immediate threat that the soil may begin to blow away and the entire roof can 'unravel.' With our website we try to shine light into this information jungle, because we were there from the beginning. Flashing details. All rights reserved. Over all, the natural vegetation dynamic creates biodiversity and makes extensive Green Roofs more resilient to Climate Change. Carbon Sequestration Potential of Extensive Green Roofs, Getter et. More plugs, up to about 4 plugs/square foot, will increase the rate of development of full plant coverage. Test substrates and adjacent materials for bond and compatibility. Extensive roofs are an ecological alternative to conventional surface protection or ballast layers such as gravel and pavers. While many pre-engineered systems are currently available, it is frequently necessary to customize these systems to satisfy specific performance objectives. Suitable plants include various Sedum species, herbs and some grasses. The leak detection wiring can be left in place so that leaks can be located in the future, without requiring overburden removal, though the presence of a root barrier or vapor retarder within the roof assembly may limit its effective use. There is also a concern in the roofing industry that structural lightweight concrete decks may retain a high relative humidity for an extended period of time and could thus adversely affect the installed waterproofing membrane.
Allow 2 to 3 years for the foliage cover to become fully developed. Consult with local experts on native pests and mitigation techniques, prior to pest control measures. The real effect of the grass comes from the evaporation of water. The first objective is to design to avoid leaks. Each node on the stem can generate roots that will grow into the soil. Roots should be dense and extend the full depth of the plug. The key to achieve a successful wind protection is devising a way to secure the netting without using staples, stakes, etc., that can pose a risk to the waterproofing. The easiest leaks to find are when a membrane is fully bonded to a concrete substrate, as it is nearly impossible for the leak to travel horizontally under the membrane. about Steep Pitched Green Roofs up to 35, Supply of water and nutrients mostly by natural processes. Other jurisdictions offer substantial tax benefits and subsidies to promulgate vegetative roofs (Portland, Oregon, and New York for instance). e.V. Construction oversight must find constructed leaks. Some retrofit applications, however, can result in non-trivial savings of both air-conditioning and heating. as well as the workmanship of the installation subcontractors. Hence, this is also the place where this idea literally grew from seed and was perfected in the 1980's. Where leak detection wiring remains, maintenance requirements shall include inspection and care of these systems. 
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